Litaba - Ke Antioxidant e Ntle ea Tlhaho e Ntle

I. Selelekela

Selelekela

Melemo ea bophelo bo botle ea ginkgo biloba extract powder (2)

Lekhasi la Ginkgoke ntho ea tlhaho e sebetsang e ntšitsoeng mahlakung a ginkgo. Likarolo tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke flavonoids le ginkgo lactones. Ke mohanyetsi oa li-receptor tsa PAF (platelet-activating factor, platelet-activating factor). Mesebetsi ea eona ea meriana e kenyelletsa: ho ntlafatsa ho potoloha ha boko le metabolism ea lisele; ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali superoxide dismutase (SOD) le glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), le ho fokotsa lisele tsa membrane peroxidized lipids (MDA). tlhahiso, ho senya li-radicals tsa mahala, ho thibela tšenyo ea li-cardiomyocyte le lisele tsa vascular endothelial; ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho hanyetsa ho bokellana ha platelet, micro thrombosis, le mathata a metabolism ea lipid a bakoang ke platelet PAF; ntlafatsa phallo ea mali ea pelo le ho sireletsa ischemic myocardium; Eketsa deformability ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, fokotsa viscosity ea mali, le ho felisa mathata a microcirculatory; thibela tlhahiso ea thromboxane (TXA2) le ho susumetsa ho lokolloa ha prostaglandin PGI2 liseleng tsa vascular endothelial.

Mohloli oa Semela

Ginkgo biloba ke lekhasi la Ginkgo biloba L., semela sa lelapa la Ginkgo. Tlhahiso ea eona (EGB) e na le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo 'me e sebelisoa haholo lijong le litlolo. Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa makhasi a Ginkgo o rarahane haholo, o na le metsoako e fetang 140 e arohaneng le eona. Li-flavonoids le terpene lactones ke metsoako e 'meli e sebetsang ea makhasi a Ginkgo. Ntle le moo, e na le polyprenol, organic acid, polysaccharides, amino acid, phenols le trace elements. Ho latela lipalo-palo tse sa phethahalang, tekanyetso ea hajoale ea machaba ea lekhasi la ginkgo ke EGb761 e hlahisitsoeng ho latela ts'ebetso ea Jeremane ea patent ea Schwabe. E bonahala e le phofo e sootho-sesehla 'me e na le monko o fokolang oa lekhasi la ginkgo. Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale ke 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, tlase ho 0.0005% ginkgo acid, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% carboxylic acids, 2.0% catechins, 20% non-flavonoid glycosides, le 4.0 polymer metsoako. %, inorganic matter 5.0%, mongobo 3.0%, ba bang 3.0%.

Litšobotsi tsa Antioxidant le Mechanism

Ginkgo lekhasi le ntšitsoeng le ka felisa ka ho toba li-radicals tsa mahala tsa lipid, lipid peroxidation free radicals alkane free radicals, joalo-joalo, 'me ea felisa ketane ea mahala ea radical chain reaction. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e ka boela ea laola le ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa li-enzyme tsa antioxidant tse kang superoxide dismutase le glutathione peroxidase. Phello ea antioxidant ea flavonoids ho EGB e feta ea livithamini, 'me e na le thepa ea anti-free radical attack in vitro.

Litlamorao tsa li-antioxidant tsa li-extracts tsa ginkgo tse ntšitsoeng ka mekhoa e fapaneng li fapane, 'me litlamorao tsa antioxidant tsa lihlahisoa tse tala le lihlahisoa tse hloekisitsoeng le tsona li fapane. Ma Xihan et al. e fumane hore petroleum ether-ethanol extract e na le phello e matla ea antioxidant ho oli ea rapeseed ha e bapisoa le li-extracts tsa makhasi a Ginkgo tse fumanoang ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho itokisa. Matla a antioxidant a lekhasi le tala la Ginkgo a ne a phahame hanyane ho feta a moqomo o hloekisitsoeng. Sena se ka 'na sa bakoa ke bohlasoa The extract e na le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa antioxidant, tse kang organic acid, amino acid, tannins, alkaloids, le lintho tse ling tse nang le liphello tsa synergistic.

Mokhoa oa ho itokisa

(1) Mokhoa oa ho ntša motsoako oa li-solvents Hajoale, mokhoa o sebelisoang ka ho fetesisa lapeng le kantle ho naha ke mokhoa oa ho ntša mokelikeli oa manyolo. Kaha lihlahisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho li chefo kapa lia fetoha, hangata ethanol e sebelisoa e le ntho e ntšang metsi. Liteko tsa Zhang Yonghong le ba bang li bontšitse hore maemo a molemo ka ho fetisisa a ho ntša flavonoids ho tloha makhasi a ginkgo ke 70% ethanol e le tharollo ea ho ntša, mocheso oa ho ntšoa ke 90 ° C, karolelano ea metsi a tiileng ke 1:20, palo ea li-extracts ke 3. nako, 'me nako le nako refluxes bakeng sa lihora tse 1.5.

(2) Mekhoa ea ho ntša enzyme ea Wang Hui et al. Liteko li bontšitse hore lihlahisoa tsa flavonoid kaofela li eketsehile haholo ka mor'a hore lisebelisoa tse tala tsa ginkgo li fetisetsoe pele ka cellulase le ho ntšoa, 'me lihlahisoa li ka fihla ho 2.01%.

(3) Mokhoa oa ho ntša ultrasonic Ka mor'a phekolo ea mahlaseli a makhasi a ginkgo, lesela la sele le robehile, 'me ho tsamaea ha likaroloana tsa makhasi ho potlakile, e leng se khothalletsang ho qhibiliha ha metsoako e sebetsang. Ka hona, tlhahiso ea ultrasonic ea flavonoids e na le melemo e meholo. Liphetho tsa liteko tse fumanoeng ke Liu Jingzhi et al. bontša hore maemo a ts'ebetso ea ho ntšoa ha ultrasonic ke: ultrasonic frequency 40kHz, nako ea phekolo ea ultrasonic 55min, mocheso 35 ° C, le ho ema bakeng sa 3h. Ka nako ena, sekhahla sa ho ntšoa ke 81.9%.

Kopo

Li-flavonoids tse mahlakung a Ginkgo li na le thepa ea antioxidant 'me li ka ekeletsoa oli le likuku e le li-antioxidants. Kakaretso ea li-flavonoids hangata e mosehla 'me e na le ho qhibiliha ho pharaletseng, ho qhibiliha metsing le ho qhibiliha ka mafura, kahoo li-flavonoids kaofela li ka sebelisoa ho etsa mebala. phello ea moemeli. Ginkgo biloba e sebetsoa ka phofo ea ultrafine ebe e kenngoa lijong. Makhasi a Ginkgo a siloa hantle haholo 'me a eketsoa ho likuku, libisikiti, li-noodle, lipompong le ice cream ka sekhahla sa 5% ho isa ho 10% ho li etsa lijong tsa makhasi a ginkgo ka litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle.
Sehlahisoa sa makhasi a Ginkgo se sebelisoa e le tlatsetso ea lijo Canada 'me se amohetsoe joalo ka setlhare se rekisoang Jeremane le Fora. Lekhasi la Ginkgo le kenyelelitsoe United States Pharmacopoeia (khatiso ea 24) 'me e ka sebelisoa e le tlatsetso ea lijo United States.

Liphello tsa Pharmacological

1. Phello tsamaisong ea pelo
(1) Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ka thibela ts'ebetso ea angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) serum e tloaelehileng ea motho, kahoo e thibela ho honyela ha arterioles, ho atoloha methapo ea mali, le ho eketsa phallo ea mali.
(2) Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ka thibela ho fokotseha ha myocardial ho likhoto tsa banna tse bakoang ke ente ea methapo ea bupivacaine, ho thibela ho fokotseha ha methapo ea pelo ho batho le likolobe tse bakoang ke hypoxia, le ho felisa PAF (platelet-activating factor) e bakang arrhythmia ho lintja. E ka thibela ho se sebetse hantle ha pelo ho bakoang ke ho kula ha pelo ho likolobe tse ka thoko.
(3) Ginkgo lekhasi le ntšitsoeng le ka atolosa haholo methapo ea mali ea boko ba likatse le lintja tse nang le anesthetized, ho eketsa phallo ea mali ea boko, le ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa ha methapo ea boko. Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ka thibela ho eketseha ha mesenteric microvascular bophara e bakoang ke endotoxin ea methapo. Ka mohlala oa canine endotoxin, tlhahiso ea Ginkgo biloba e thibela liphetoho tsa hemodynamic; ka mohlala oa matšoafo a linku, tlhahiso ea Ginkgo biloba e thibela khatello ea mali le pulmonary edema e bakoang ke lymphatic flow disorder e bakoang ke endotoxin.
(4) Likhoto li ne li kenngoa ka intraperitoneally ka 5ml / kg ea ginkgo leaf flavonoids letsatsi le leng le le leng. Kamora matsatsi a 40, boemo ba serum triglyceride bo fokotsehile haholo. Ginkgo biloba extract (20 mg/kg ka letsatsi) e ne e fanoa ka molomo ho mebutlanyana e fumanang lijo tse tloaelehileng le tsa hypercholesterolemic. Ka mor'a khoeli e le 'ngoe, maemo a k'holeseterole ea hyper-esterified plasma le aorta ea mebutlanyana e fumanang lijo tsa atherogenic e ile ea fokotseha haholo. Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba cholesterol ea mali ha bo fetohe.
(5) Ginkgo terpene lactone ke blocker e khethehileng haholo ea PAF. Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi kapa ginkgo terpene lactone e ka thibela platelet-activating factor (PAF) le cyclooxygenase kapa lipoxygenase. Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ile la mamelloa hantle le ho hanyetsa platelet aggregation e bakoang ke PAF empa ha ea ka ea ama ho bokellana ho bakoang ke ADP.

2. Phello tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng
(1) Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ama tsamaiso ea endocrine le ho sebelisana pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng ka ho thibela ketso ea PAF. E ka khothaletsa metabolism ea boko le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea memori.
(2) Ginkgo terpene lactones e na le liphello tse thibelang ho tepella maikutlo, 'me liphello tsa tsona tse thibelang ho tepella maikutlo li amana le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng ea monoaminergic.
(3) Ho phaella tabeng ea hore makhasi a Ginkgo a ka ntlafatsa haholo ho senyeha ha mohopolo oa mofuta oa khaello e bakoang ke NaNO2, phello ea eona ea anti-hypoxic e ka 'na ea amana le keketseho ea phallo ea mali ea boko le ntlafatso ea metabolism ea matla a boko nakong ea hypoxia.
(4) Ginkgo lekhasi le ntšitsoeng le ntlafatsa haholo mathata a boitšoaro ba boko ba li-gerbils tse bakoang ke ligation le ho tsosolosoa ha methapo ea carotid le ho thibela tšenyo ea boko ho li-gerbils tse bakoang ke ischemia le tšubuhlellano; e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lintja ka mor'a hore boko bo nang le bokooa bo bongata bo ischemia Ho fola kapele le ho fokotsa tšenyo ea neuronal ka mor'a ischemia ho hippocampus ea boko ba gerbil; e fokotsa haholo tahlehelo ea ATP, AMP, creatine le creatine phosphate bokong ba ischemic ba ntja ea mongrel. Ginkgo biloba lactone B e bohlokoa kalafong ea lefu la stroke.

3. Phello tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo
(1) Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ka ntlafatsa haholo liso tsa ka mpeng le tsa mala ho litoeba tse bakoang ke PAF le endotoxin, 'me li ka thibela ka mokhoa o itseng tšenyo ea mpa e bakoang ke ethanol.
(2) Ho litoeba tse nang le sebete sa sebete se bakoang ke bile duct ligation, ente e entsoeng ka methapo ea lekhasi la ginkgo e fokolitse haholo khatello ea methapo ea sebete, index ea pelo, phallo ea mali ea makala a portal vein, le ho ntlafatsa mamello ea methapo ea mali ha e bapisoa le placebo. Sena se bontša hore makhasi a ginkgo a na le phello ea phekolo ho sebete sa sebete. E ka thibela sebopeho sa li-radicals tse se nang oksijene ho pancreatitis e hlobaetsang ea mouse e bakoang ke cholecystokinin. Ginkgo terpene lactone B e ka ba le karolo kalafong ea pancreatitis e hlobaetsang.

4. Phello tsamaisong ea ho hema
(1) Ethanol extract ea Ginkgo biloba e na le phello e tobileng ea ho phomola mesifa ea tracheal e boreleli 'me e ka imolla litlamorao tsa histamine phosphate le acetylcholine ho trachea e ka thōko ea likolobe, le ho thibela tlhaselo ea asthma e bakoang ke histamine likolobeng tsa Guinea.
(2) Ente e entsoeng ka methapo ea motsoako oa lekhasi la Ginkgo e ka thibela bronchoconstriction le hyperresponsiveness ea litoeba tse bakoang ke PAF le ovalbumin, le ho thibela bronchoconstriction e bakoang ke li-antigens, empa ha e ame bronchial hyperresponsiveness e bakoang ke indomethacin.
(3) Inhalation ea aerosolized Ginkgo lekhasi le nkiloeng ha e thibele bronchoconstriction feela empa hape e thibela ho fokotseha ha lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le li-eosinophils tse bakoang ke PAF. Ginkgo lekhasi la makhasi le bohlokoa haholo ho thibela le ho phekola bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

5. Phello e khahlanong le botsofali
Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, ginkgo biloba, le quercetin ho ginkgo li siea kaofela li thibela lipid peroxidation, haholo hobane quercetin e na le ts'ebetso e matla ea ho thibela. Liteko li ile tsa etsoa ho likhoto 'me ho ile ha fumanoa hore ginkgo lekhasi le ntšitsoeng ka metsi (0.95mg / ml) le ka fokotsa haholo lipid peroxidation,' me ginkgo lekhasi la flavonoids (1.9mg / ml) e ntšitsoeng ka acid e ka eketsa serum koporo le zinki SOD. ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa Phello ea viscosity ea mali ha e ntse e fokotsa ts'ebetso ea SGPT.

7. Karolo ea ho hana transplant le mekhoa e meng ea ho itšireletsa mafung
Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ka lelefatsa nako ea ho phela ha li-grafts tsa letlalo, heterotopic heart xenografts, le orthotopic sebete xenografts. Ginkgo lekhasi la lekhasi le ka thibela ts'ebetso ea lisele tsa 'mele tsa' mele khahlanong le lisele tse lebisitsoeng tsa KC526, hape li ka thibela ts'ebetso ea lisele tse bolaeang tse bakoang ke interferon.

8. Phello e khahlanong le hlahala
Sehlahisoa sa makhasi a matala a Ginkgo biloba, karolo e qhibilihang ka mafura, e ka thibela kokoana-hloko ea Epstein-Barr. Heptadecene salicylic acid le bilo-betin li na le ts'ebetso e matla ea ho thibela; kakaretso ea flavonoids ea Ginkgo e ka eketsa boima ba thymus ea litoeba tse nang le hlahala. le maemo a ts'ebetso ea SOD, ho bokella matla a 'mele a anti-tumor; quercetin le myricetin li ka thibela ho hlaha ha li-carcinogens.

Lintlha le li-contraindications

Liphetoho tse mpe tsa tlhahiso ea lekhasi la Ginkgo: Ka linako tse ling ho se thabise ha mala, joalo ka anorexia, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho patoa, mantle a hlephileng, ho senyeha ha mpa, joalo-joalo; ho ka 'na ha boela ha e-ba le sekhahla sa pelo, mokhathala, joalo-joalo, empa tsena ha li ame phekolo. Ka mor'a tsamaiso ea nako e telele ea molomo, matšoao a nepahetseng a rheology ea mali a lokela ho hlahlojoa khafetsa. Haeba u na le matšoao a gastrointestinal, u ka e noa ka mor'a lijo ho e-na le hoo.

Litšebelisano tsa Lithethefatsi

Sehlahisoa sena se na le phello ea synergistic ha se sebelisoa hammoho le lithethefatsi tse ling tse fokotsang viscosity ea mali, tse kang sodium alginate diester, acetate, joalo-joalo, e ka ntlafatsang katleho.

Mokhoa oa ntlafatso

Makhasi a Ginkgo a na le li-proanthocyanidin tse nyane le li-urushiolic acid, tse ntseng li le chefo 'meleng oa motho. Ha ginkgo e siea e le lisebelisoa tse tala ho sebetsa lijo, ho hlokahala kalafo e khethehileng ho fokotsa litaba tsa proanthocyanidin le urushiolic acid. Leha ho le joalo, ka har'a lethal dose le sebelisoang hajoale, ha ho na chefo e matla kapa e sa foleng ebile ha ho na litlamorao tsa teratogenic. Lekala la Bophelo le lumeletse hore Ginkgo biloba e ntšitsoe e le motsoako o mocha oa lijo ka 1992. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Ginkgo biloba kakaretso ea flavonoids e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lijo,' me lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea Ginkgo biloba e na le menyetla e mengata.