I. Selelekela
PhospholidsNa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa membrones ea maiketsetso 'me u bapale karolo ea bohlokoa meralo e fapaneng ea' mele. Ho utloisisa sebopeho le ts'ebetso ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho utloisisa likhakanyo tse thata tsa bigy tsa khalase le limesecula, hammoho le bophelo ba tsona bo botle le lefung. Tlhatlhobo ena e felletseng e ikemiselitse ho kenella ho mofuta o rarahaneng oa phospholite, le sebopeho sa bona, le sebopeho sa bona, le kamoo ho totobatsang bohlokoa ba ho ithuta limolek'hule tsena.
A. Tlhaloso le sebopeho sa phospholids
Phospholids ke sehlopha sa litho tse nang le methapo e nang le liketane tse peli tse nang le mafura, sehlopha sa phosphate le mokokotlo oa glycerol. Sebopeho se ikhethang sa lifospholids li ba nolofalletsa ho etsa bilayer ea mepid, motheo oa membraesene, e nang le lihlooho tsa hydrophobic li shebileng ka ntle le tsa hydrophphilic Tokisetso ena e fana ka thipa e matla e laolang motsamao oa lintho ka seleng, ha a ntse a thuisa litsona tse fapaneng tse kang pontšo le lipalangoang.
B. bohlokoa ba ho ithuta phospholids
Ho ithuta li-Plaspholids ke tsa bohlokoa ka mabaka a 'maloa. Pele, li bohlokoa mabapi le sebopeho le mosebetsi oa selefounu, li aka ho hloka mofoka, ho imolla le botsitso. Ho utloisisa thepa ea phospholids ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho se thehe mekhatlong ea lilibele tse kang endocytosis, Exocytosis le ho supa.
Ho feta moo, phospholipids e na le e bolelang bophelo bo botle ba motho, haholoholo mabapi le maemo a kang lefu la pelo, mathata a pelo le metabolis. Patlisiso ea phospholidids e ka fana ka leseli lena la maano a Noolpic le litlatsetso tsa lijo li lebisa ho mathata ana a bophelo bo botle.
Ntle le moo, lits'ebetso tsa indasteri le khoebo ea phospholids libakeng tse kang merimaceletucations, mananeo a phetetso le biotechnoloji. Ho utloisisa likarolo tsa mefuta-futa le thepa ea phospholids ho ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa le mahlale a ntlafatsang bakeng sa moelelo oa bophelo ba batho ba phallang bakeng sa phetoho ea bophelo ba motho.
Ka kakaretso, ho ithuta ho phospholids ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho se balehe ba mahlale ba rarahaneng ba sebopeho sa cellular, le ho laola bokhoni ba bona likopo tse fapaneng tsa batho. Tlhatlhobo ena e felletseng e ikemiselitse ho hlakisa mofuta oa phospholids le bohlokoa ba tsona ho li-- tsa batho le boqapi ba mahlale le mahlale a mahlalehla le mahlale.
II. Mesebetsi ea bokhachaeli ea phospholids
Phospholids, karolo ea bohlokoa ea membrane ea cellsrane, e bapala likarolo tse fapaneng ho boloka sebopeho le ts'ebetso, hammoho le ho ama ts'ebetso e fapaneng ea 'mele. Ho utloisisa mesebetsi ea tlhaho ea phospholids e fana ka leseli bohlokoa ba bona ba bophelo bo botle le lefung.
A. Karolo ho sebopeho sa sebopeho sa selethune sa selefouno
Ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea phospholids ke tlatsetso ea bona sebopeho le ts'ebetsong ea membrane ea sele. Phospholids e theha Lipid Biilayer, mofuta oa mantlha oa membar ea litsotsi, ka ho hlophisa mehatla ea tsona ea hydrophobic kantle ho yydrophilic kantle. Mohakha ona o baka membrane e sebetsang e laoloang ke lisepa le ntle ho seleng, ka tsela eo li tsamaisang likereke tsa bohlokoa tse kang ho fana ka limatlafatsi tse matla.
B. Ho saena le puisano ka lisele
Phospholids le eona e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa ho supa litsela le puisano ea selefouno. Mehala e meng ea phospholid ea phospholidyolitol, e sebetsa joaloka limoleketso tsa limolek'hule, ho kenyelletsa le khoele ea sele, khethollo le Apoptosis. Li-molecules tsa pontšo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho likhanse tse fapaneng tsa borena le tse susumetsang maikutlo tse thibelang lintho tse fapaneng tsa 'mele.
C. Kenelanong ho ea Boko bo botle le ts'ebetso ea kelello
Phospholids, haholo-holo phosphaphadiedChoralycholine, le phosphatidine, le posphatotiDrine, li ngata bakeng sa ho boloka sebopeho sa eona le ts'ebetso ea eona. Phospholins e kenya letsoho ho theha lithollo le botsitso ba membrane ea neurotransmitter, 'me li nka karolo polasehong ea tumelo ea lihlong, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ithuta le ho hopola. Ho feta moo, phospholins e bapala karolo ea mecha ea mechini e nang le methapo ea kutlo le ho hlahlojoa ho putlama ha mafu a botsoi le methapo.
D. Tšoenyeho mabapi le ts'ebetso ea bophelo bo botle le pelo
Phospholids e bontšitse litlamorao tsa bohlokoa mabapi le ts'ebetso ea bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea pelo. Li kenella mohahong le tšebetso tsa lipolepone, tse tsamaisang cholesterol le lipids tse ling ka har'a mali. Phospholids kahare ho lipoproteins e kenya letsoho ho botsitso le ts'ebetsong ea bona, e susumetsang metabolism le cholesterol homeostasis. Ntle le moo, phospholipids e ithutileng bokhoni ba bona ba ho fetolela li-profins tsa lipilione le tse ikhethileng tse amang bophelo ba hae ba ho sebelisa bophelo bo botle ba pelo.
E. Ho kenya letsoho ho lipid Metabolism le tlhahiso ea matla
Phospholids ke ea bohlokoa ho metabolism le tlhahiso ea matla. Ba kenya letsoho sehatsetsing le ho putlama ha lipids, ho kenyelletsa le Triglyceils le Cholesterol, 'me li bapala karolo ea lipid lipalangoang. Phospholids e boetse e kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ts'ebetso ea Mittochondration le ea matla ho kenya letsoho phosphorytion ea tsona le ketane ea elektrone metribolism.
Ka kakaretso, tšebetso ea likokoana-hloko ea phospholilids e akaretsa likarolo tsa bophelo ba eona le ts'ebetso ea pelo le ho fana ka matla a molomo. Tekanyetso ena e felletseng e fana ka kutloisiso e tebileng ea mesebetsi ea phete ea likokoana-hloko tsa phospholipid le botle ba bona ba bophelo bo botle.
III. Melemo ea Bophelo ea Phospholids
Phospholids ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa membrane ea sele, e nang le likarolo tse fapaneng ea libaka bophelong ba motho. Ho utloisisa melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba phospholids ho ka hlahisa leseli ho lits'ebetso tsa bona tsa kalafo le li-phepo e nepahetseng.
Litlamorao ho maemo a cholesterol
Phospholins e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho Mepid Metabolism le lipalangoang, tse fanang ka maikutlo a tobileng lethathamong la cholesterol. Patlisiso e bontšitse hore phospholilids e ka mo fetola metabolism ea khokahano ka ho ama semelo sa Synthesis, le tse khothatsang tsa cholesterol. Phospholidds e tlalehiloe ho thusa ka ho tsuba le ho fetoloa ha masela a lijo, ka ho etsa joalo a tsamaisana le monyaka malapeng. Ntle le moo, phospholilids e kenya letsoho ho sebopeho sa Lipoproteins tse phahameng (hdl), e kenyang kotsi ea mafu a atherosclerosis le pelo. Bopaki bo fana ka maikutlo a hore phospholids e ka ba le monyetla oa ho ntlafatsa lipapatso tsa Lipid mme e kenya letsoho ho lokiseng maemo a phekolo ea cholesterol a phetseng hantle 'meleng.
Mekhoa ea Antiouxive
Mefuta ea menyo e bontša mekhoa ea antioxivation e thusang ho litlamorao tsa tsona tsa bophelo ba bophelo bo botle. E le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa membrane ea cellular ea Cellular, phospholilids li kotsing ea ho senya tšenyo ea li-radicatical tsa mahala le mofuta oa oksine o khonehang oksine ea oksine e sebetsang oksine. Leha ho le joalo, fospholiped e nang le bokhoni ba tlhaho ba antioxidament, ba sebetsanang le scavengers ba li-radicals tsa mahala le ho sireletsa lisele tse tsoang ho khatello ea maikutlo. Boithuto bo bontšitse hore lifolamo tse ikhethang, tse kang phosphothalline le phosphamidylethanonine, li ka baka tšenyo ea mafu a mangata. Ho feta moo, phospholipids e se e netefalitsoe ho matlafatsang sistimi ea Antioxidant ea Antioxidant ea lisele, ka ho etsa joalo e fana ka tšusumetso e sirelletsang khahlanong le tšenyo ea oxidative le lipale tse amanang le lisele.
Likopo tse ka bang botsitso bo botle le bo botle
Melemo e ikhethang ea bophelo bo botle ba phospholids e hlahisitse thahasello molemong oa bona oa lingaka tse bonahalang tsa kalafo le litheolelo tsa phepo e nepahetseng. Phekolo ea kalafo ea phospholid e ntse e hlahlojoa ka matla a bona ea ho sebetsana le mathata a amanang le Lipid, joalo ka hypercholessterolemia le dyslipidemia le dyslipidemia. Ho feta moo, phospholipids e bontšitse tšepiso ho ho khothaletsa bophelo bo botle le ho ts'ehetsa tšebetso e amanang le metabolism le khatello ea maikutlo. Likopo tsa phepo ea phepo e nepahetseng li bonoa sebakeng sa lijo tse sebetsang, khothaletsa liforeipi tse ngata tsa phospholid, le ts'ehetso ea bophelo ka bophara.
Qetellong, melemo ea bophelo ea phospholipid e akaretsang litlamorao tsa tsona maemong a antietoral, thepa ea bona ea phekolo ea kalafo le phepo ea phepo e ntle le phepo e nepahetseng. Ho utloisisa likarolo tse ngata tsa phospholids ho boloka pono ea 'mele le ho fokotsa kotsi e fana ka leseli la bohlokoa bohlokoa ho ntšetsa pele bophelo ba bona ba ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba motho le ho ba le boiketlo ba bona.
IV. Mehloli ea phospholids
Phospholids, e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa molomo, li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka lisele tse sebelisoang ka sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea lisele. Ho utloisisa mohloli oa phospholids ho bohlokoa haholo ho ananela bohlokoa ba bona ho phepo e nepahetseng le lits'ebetso tsa indasteri.
A. Mehloli ea lijo
Mohloli oa lijo: Phospholids e ka fumanoa mehloling e fapaneng ea lijo, e 'ngoe ea mehloli e mengata ho ea ho ba lehe yolk, ho na le jala le soya. Li-yolks tsa lehe li ngata haholo Mehloli e meng ea phospholids e kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tsa lebese, lipitsa le peo ea soneblomo.
Ho bohlokoa haholo: Lifospholids tsa ho ja lijo li bohlokoa molemong oa phepo e nepahetseng ea motho le ho bapala likarolo tsa bohlokoa liketsong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele. Hang ho ne ho boetse e kenelletse, phospholidids e entsoe 'me e kenelletse ka mpeng e nyane, moo e sebetsang e le lithibelo tsa' mele, moo likarolo tsa 'mele li tsamaisang cholesterol le triglycerides.
Litlamorao tsa Bolmahale: Patlisiso e bontšitse hore phospholids ea bophelo bo botle e kanna ea ba le melemo ea bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea Bose, le ho thusa bophelo bo botle ba pelo. Ho feta moo, phospholins e tsoa mehloling ea mene, joalo ka oli ea metsing, e ile ea hlokomoloha thepa ea bona e hamileng le anti-antioxidant.
B. Liindariari le mehloli ea mehloli ea meharo ea meriana
Ho hlahisoa ha indasteri: Phospholilids le tsona li fumanoa mehloli ea li indasteri, moo e kenngoeng ka lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tse kang soyablomo le mapolanka. Metsoako ena ea metospholid e sebetsoa le ho sebelisoa likopi tsa indasteri, ho kenyelletsa le tlhahiso ea emmuriers, le ho amohela chelete bakeng sa lijo, indasteri ea phalter ea pharmatics.
Lits'ebetso tsa pharmaceutical: Phospholilids Bapala karolo ea bohlokoa indastering ea meriana, haholo-holo litsamaisong tsa lithethefatsi. Li sebelisoa joalo ka ho tsebiso mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa lithethefatsi tse thehiloeng ho litho tsa Lipid ho ntlafatsa phallo, botsitso le ho tsepamisa metsoako ea metsoako e mengata. Ntle le moo, phospholipids e hlahlojoa bakeng sa bokhoni ba bona ba ho nts'etsapele barekisi ba lithethefatsi bakeng sa phepelo e reriloeng le ho lokolloa ha litšōmo.
Bohlokoa ba indastering: Likopo tsa indasteri tsa phospholilids li ekelletsa ho sebelisa lijo, moo li sebeletsang e le li-Emulasy lijong tse fapaneng. Phospholidids e sebelisoa hape tlhahisong ea tlhokomelo ea botho le lihlahisoa tsa botlolo, moo li tlatsetsang botsitso le bo sebetsang joalo ka botlolohetsi, lotion le liposome.
Qetellong, phospholilids e tsamaisoa ka simolohong ea lijo le ea Maiundariali, e bapala likarolo tsa phepo e nepahetseng ea batho, Health, le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Ho utloisisa mehloli le lits'ebeletso tsa phospholids ke tsa bohlokoa ho utloisisa bohlokoa ba tsona ho phepo e nepahetseng, bophelo bo botle le indasteri.
V. Patlisiso le lits'ebetso
K. Mekhoa ea Patlisiso ea hajoale ea Plaspholipid
Patlisiso ea mahlale hajoale a saense ea phospholid e akaretsa lihlooho tse ngata tse shebiloeng mabapi le ho utloisisa sebopeho, tšebetso le mesebetsi ea phospholidids. Litekanyetso tsa morao-rao li kenyelletsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka likarolo tse ikhethang tseo likarolo tse fapaneng tsa li-FAspholids li bileng ka ho bontša sele, le lipid metabolism. Ho feta moo, ho na le thahasello e kholo ea ho utloisisa hore na Mefuta ea 'Musi ea Plaspholity e ka ama mekhoa e mecha ea ho ithuta lifospholies maemong a limolek'hule.
B. indasteri le lits'ebetso tsa meriana
Phospholidds e fumane likopo tse ngata le liprofinse tse ngata le mekhabiso ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ikhethang ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale. Lefatsheng la indasteri, phospholilids le sebelisoa e le emmolferasirs, ba tsitsiseng le ho kenella ho litlolo, le indasteri ea botho le tsa tlhokomelo ea botho le indasteri ea botho le tsa tlhokomelo ea botho. Mediting, phospholidids e sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea lithethefatsi, ho kenyelletsa le li-lipise le lifopele tse thehiloeng ho lipid le bioavality ea lithethefatsi. Ts'ebeliso ea phospholids likopo tsena e atolohile haholo litšusumetso tsa bona tsa indasteri e fapaneng.
C. Lits'ebetso tsa ka tsa ka mosoriso le liphephetso tse maemong a mantsiboea a phospholid
Bokamoso ba lipatlisiso tsa phospholid li na le ts'episo e kholo, e nang le lits'ebetso tse ka bang teng ho kenyelletsa lits'ebetso tsa biospholigis e le liphofu tsa lits'ebetso tsa pherekano ea pherekano. Liphephetso li tla akaretsa litaba tse amanang le sekhobo se amanang le sekhobo, 'me li sebetsa hantle tsa lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng ho phospholid tse thehiloeng ho phospholid. Ntle le moo, ho utloisisa litšebelisano tse rarahaneng pakeng tsa phospholids le likarolo tse ling tsa lilibeng, hammoho le likarolo tse ling tsa mafu, e tla ba sebaka sa bohlokoa sa lipatlisiso tse sa feleng.
D.PhospholipidLihlahisoa tsa serial
Lihlahisoa tsa thospholipid tsa phospholid ke sebaka sa mantlha sa tsepamisa maikutlo lits'ebetsong tsa meriana. Liposome, tseo e leng li-vesicles tse tloaelehileng tse entsoeng ka libili tsa phospholipid, li ithutile litsamaiso tsa phepelo ea lithethefatsi. Lihlahisoa tsena li fana ka melemo e kang bokhoni ba ho e sebelisa, ho beha lisele tse tobileng ea lithethefatsi tse itseng. Patlisiso e tsoelang pele le nts'etsopele e ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa tsitsipano, bokhoni ba ho jarolloa lithethefatsi le bokhoni ba ho beoa ha lipothokiso ba lits'ebetso tse fapaneng haholo tsa likokoana-hloko.
Tlhaloso ena e felletseng e fana ka leseli tšimong ea lipatlisiso tsa phospholipid, litaelo tsa lisindaristation le ntlafatso ea liporo tsa lipospholidis. Tsebo ena e totobatsa litšusumetso le menyetla e amanang le phospholids libakeng tse fapaneng.
VI. Sephetho
K. Kakaretso ea liphumano tsa bohlokoa
Phospholids, e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa memborine, bapala likarolo tsa bohlokoa ho boloka sebopeho sa callular le mosebetsi. Patlisiso e senotse karolo ea mefuta e fapaneng ea phospholids ka pontso ea mabele, membrane matla a ho pepesoa, metrid metabolism. Lithuto tse ikhethileng tsa phospholids li fumanoe li na le litsebi tsa maemo, lits'ebetso tse kang tšebelisano 'moho, ho eketseha ha sele, le apoptosis. Ho feta moo, ho kenella ho thata pakeng tsa phospholipids, lipids tse ling, le liprotheine tse tsoang membrane li hlahile e le ntho ea bohlokoa ea tšebetso ea selibeng. Ntle le moo, phospholipids e na le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri, haholo-holo tlhahisong ea emmuriers, basetsi le lits'ebetso tsa lithethefatsi. Ho utloisisa sebopeho le mosebetsi oa phospholids ho fana ka leseli ho ts'ebeliso ea tsona ea kalafo ea kalafo le indasteri.
B. LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO LEITE LE GIRSYRY
Kutloisiso e felletseng ea phospholidid e na le moelelo o nepahetseng bakeng sa bophelo bo botle le indasteri. Boemong ba bophelo bo botle, phospholilids ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botšepehi le tšebetso ea 'mele. Ho se leka-lekane ka boqapi ba phospholipid ho kenyellelitsoe le mafu a fapaneng, mafu a metabolaferati, le mofetše. Ka hona, ho kenella mesebetsing ho latela metabolism le tšebetso e kanna ea ba le bokhoni ba kalafo. Ho feta moo, ts'ebeliso ea phospholids litsamaisong tsa phepelo ea lithethefatsi e fana ka mekhoa e soma ea ho ntlafatsa katleho le lihlahisoa tsa litlhare tsa litlhare. Boemong ba indasteri, phospholids ke tse bohlokoa ho tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa bareki, ho kenyelletsa le emumuli ea lijo, litlolo le lifopolo tsa phaello. Ho utloisisa likamano tsa sebopeho sa phospholids ho ka tsamaisa ho ntlafala indastering ena, e lebisang ntlafatsong ea botsitso ba lipale le botsitso.
C. Menyetla ea lipatlisiso tse ling le nts'etsopele
Patlisiso e tsoelang pele ea mahlale a phospholidid e fana ka mefuta e mengata bakeng sa ho ithuta le ho hola. Sebaka se le seng sa bohlokoa ke lerata la mechini ea limolek'hule tlasa ho kenella ka phospholids ka mekhoa ea ho supa litseleng tsa letsong le lits'ebetso tsa mafu. Tsebo ena e ka atleha ho theha litlhare tse pakiloeng tse tsamaisang metriolism tsa metabolism bakeng sa bongaka. Ho feta moo, ho etsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ts'ebetsong ea phospholids e le likoloi tsa lithethefatsi le kholo ea litlhahiso tse thehiloeng ho metamo. Lefakoe la indasteri le boiteko bo tsoelang pele le nts'etsopele ea kholo ea mosebetsi o tsoelang pele o ka tsepamisa maikutlo ho ho u thusa le lits'ebetso tsa lihlahisoa tsa phospholidid tsa phospholid. Ho feta moo, ho ithuta mehloli e metle le ea tikoloho ea phospholikids bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea indasteri ke sebaka se seng sa bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele.
Kahoo, kakaretso e felletseng ea saense ea phospholility ea lenyalo e totobatsa bohlokoa ba phospholipid ka ts'ebetso ea tsona ea cellular, le lits'ebetso tsa tsona tsa indasteri. Ho hlahlojoa ho phoroselang ha lipatlisiso tsa phospholipid li na le menyetla e khahlisang ea ho sebetsana le taolo ea bophelo bo botle le ho khanna boitlhompho ho indastering e fapaneng.
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Nako ea poso: Dec-21-2023
