I. Selelekela
Phospholids ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa membrane ea sele 'me u bapale karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi le ts'ebetso ea boko ea boko. Ba theha li-bilayer tse ntle le ho sireletsa neurons le lisele tse ling tse bokong, li kenya letsoho ts'ebetsong ka kakaretso ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo. Ho feta moo, phospholidids e kentse letsoho litseleng tse fapaneng tsa pontšo le lits'ebetsong tse se nang kelello tsa kelello bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea boko.
Bophelo bo botle le tšebetso ea kelello li na le taba ea bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle le boleng ba bophelo. Mesebetsi ea kelello e kang ho hopola, tlhokomelo, ho rarolla mathata, le ho etsa liqeto li sebetsa letsatsi le letsatsi 'me li itšetlehile ka bokong. Ha batho ba tsofala, ho boloka mosebetsi oa ho tiisa bo fetoha le ho tiisa lintho, ho etsa hore ho be le bokhoni bo utloisang bokoang ke bokoang ke bokoang ke 'mele.
Morero oa thuto ena ke ho hlahloba le ho sekaseka ts'oenyeho ea phospholied e leng bokong ba boko le ts'ebetsong ea kelello. Ka ho hlahloba karolo ea phospholids ka ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba boko mme thuto ena e ikemiselitse ho fana ka kutloisiso e tebileng ea kamano lipakeng tsa phospholids le ts'ebetso ea boko. Ntle le moo, thuto e tla lekola moelelo o ka bang teng bakeng sa lipapatso le kalafong e ikemiselitseng ho boloka le ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba boko le ts'ebetso ea boko.
II. Disisresh phospholids
A. Tlhaloso ea phospholids:
Phospholidske sehlopha sa li-lipids tse ka sehloohong tsa membrane tsohle tsa sele, ho kenyelletsa le tse bokong. Li entsoe ka molek'hule ea Glycerol, e mafura a mabeli a atides, sehlopha sa phosphate le sehlopha sa hlooho se futhumetseng. Phospholids e tšoauoa ka tlhaho ea bona ea ho apa, ho bolelang hore ba na le hydrophilic (metsi) le hydrophobic (ho pheta-pheta metsi. Kotsi ena e lumella phospholids ho theha libili tsa Lipid tse sebeletsang e le molao oa sele, e fana ka tšitiso lipakeng tsa sebaka sa sele le kantle.
B. Mefuta ea phospholidd e fumanoang bokong:
Boko bo na le mefuta e mengata ea phospholids, le ba bangata haholophosphatidcholine, phosphatidylethanorine,phosphatidrinile ho qhalana. Phospholires ena e kenya letsoho ka har'a thepa le mesebetsi ea bona ea bongoana. Mohlala, phosphamidcholine ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea methapo ea kutlo ea methapo, ha phosphatidrinelstonernerrine e kenella tranction le neurotransmitter tokollo. Speashiomyelin, phospholility e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e fumanehang lithang tsa boko, e bapala karolo ea ho boloka botsitso ba Myellin le ho sireletsa likhoele tsa methapo.
C. Tsamaiso le ts'ebetso ea phospholids:
Sebopeho sa lifospholids li na le sehlopha sa hlooho sa fydrophphilic sangsphate se kopantsoeng le mehatla e 'meli ea li-hydrophoric. Sebopeho sena sa AmppehIlic se lumella phospholids ho theha libili tsa Lipid, ka lihlooho tsa hydrophilic li shebile mehatla e kantle le ea hydrophobic e shebileng ka hare. Tokisetso ena ea lifospholilids e fana ka motheo oa mofuta oa mokelikeli oa koae, o nolofalletsa ho nepahala ho hlokahalang bakeng sa mosebetsi oa cellular. E sebetsa hantle, phospholilis e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi ba seleno sa boko. Ba kenya letsoho botsitso le phokwana ea membrane ea sele, e nolofalletsa ho tsamaisoa ha limok'hule, 'me ba kenya letsoho ho sesupo le puisano. Ho feta moo, ho bile le mefuta e khethehileng ea phospholids, joalo ka ts'ebetso ea kelello le mesebetsi ea meemo ea kelello le tšebetso ea kelello.
III. Tšusumetso ea phospholids bophelo bo botle ba boko
A. Tlhokomelo ea sebopeho sa popo se Brain:
Phospholilid o re karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi ba lisele tsa boko. E le karolo e kholo ea membrane ea sele, phospholidios e fana ka moralo oa mantlha oa boqapi le ts'ebetso ea li-neuron le lisele tse ling tsa boko. Sebapali sa Flasyer se theha setumo se feto-fetohang le se matla se arolang tikoloho e kahare ea lihlapi tsa kantle, e tsamaisang li-molecule le lisele. Ho tšepahala lena la ts'ebetso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lisele tsa boko, kaha e nolofalletsa ho tsepamisa mohopolo oa intractollur ea intractollular, puisano lipakeng tsa lisele.
B. Karolo ho Neurotran:
Phospholids e kenya letsoho haholo ts'ebetsong ea neurotrachins, e bohlokoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng ea ho ithuta, mohopolo le maikutlo. Puo ea Machau e itšetleha ka tokollo, peisong le ho amoheloa ha Neurotransmitters ka litlolo, 'me phospholipids li ameha ka kotloloho lits'ebetsong tsena. Mohlala, phospholidids e sebetsa joalo ka liphiri bakeng sa li-synthesmis tsa li-neurotransmin le ho fetola tšebetso ea li-resorsptor tsa Neurotranseter le lipalangoang. Phospholids le eona e ama phofo le ho susumetsoa ke Exocytosis le pheletso ea likhalase le tse ling tsa li-vesicles le tsamaiso ea phetisetso ea siyptic.
C. Ts'ireletso khahlanong le khatello ea maikutlo:
Boko bo kotsing haholo ho tšenyo e ntle ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea eona e phahameng ea oksijene ea oksijene e phahameng ea oksijene e phahameng ea mafura. Phospholids, joalo ka ha libaka tse kholo tsa lisele tsa boko, li kenya letsoho ho itšireletsa khahlanong le khatello ea maikutlo le matlotlo a limolek'hule. Phospholids e nang le likhakanyo tsa antioxidant, tse kang vithamine E, e bapalang le lisele tsa boko le ho boloka botšepehi ba lipere le ho boloka botšepehi le ho hloka toka. Ho feta moo, phospholilids le eona e sebetsa e le limolek'hule tse hlalosang litseleng tsa cellular tse arabelang le ho ntšetsa pele ho pholoha.
IV. Tšusumetso ea Lifospholids ka ts'ebetso ea kelello
A. Tlhaloso ea phospholids:
Phospholids ke sehlopha sa li-lipids tse ka sehloohong tsa membranes tsohle tse kholo, ho kenyeletsa le tse bokong. Li entsoe ka molek'hule ea Glycerol, e mafura a mabeli a atides, sehlopha sa phosphate le sehlopha sa hlooho se futhumetseng. Phospholids e tšoauoa ka tlhaho ea bona ea ho apa, ho bolelang hore ba na le hydrophilic (metsi) le hydrophobic (ho pheta-pheta metsi. Kotsi ena e lumella phospholids ho theha libili tsa Lipid tse sebeletsang e le molao oa sele, e fana ka tšitiso lipakeng tsa sebaka sa sele le kantle.
B. Mefuta ea phospholidd e fumanoang bokong:
Boko bo na le mefuta e mengata ea phospholidids, le ba bangata haholo ho ba Phootiki e ngata, Phong PHPTINTYLERINE, PAPPHATYELIN. Phospholires ena e kenya letsoho ka har'a thepa le mesebetsi ea bona ea bongoana. Mohlala, phosphamidcholine ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea methapo ea kutlo ea methapo, ha phosphatidrinelstonernerrine e kenella tranction le neurotransmitter tokollo. Speashiomyelin, phospholility e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e fumanehang lithang tsa boko, e bapala karolo ea ho boloka botsitso ba Myellin le ho sireletsa likhoele tsa methapo.
C. Tsamaiso le ts'ebetso ea phospholids:
Sebopeho sa lifospholids li na le sehlopha sa hlooho sa fydrophphilic sangsphate se kopantsoeng le mehatla e 'meli ea li-hydrophoric. Sebopeho sena sa AmppehIlic se lumella phospholids ho theha libili tsa Lipid, ka lihlooho tsa hydrophilic li shebile mehatla e kantle le ea hydrophobic e shebileng ka hare. Tokisetso ena ea lifospholilids e fana ka motheo oa mofuta oa mokelikeli oa koae, o nolofalletsa ho nepahala ho hlokahalang bakeng sa mosebetsi oa cellular. E sebetsa hantle, phospholilis e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi ba seleno sa boko. Ba kenya letsoho botsitso le phokwana ea membrane ea sele, e nolofalletsa ho tsamaisoa ha limok'hule, 'me ba kenya letsoho ho sesupo le puisano. Ho feta moo, ho bile le mefuta e khethehileng ea phospholids, joalo ka ts'ebetso ea kelello le mesebetsi ea meemo ea kelello le tšebetso ea kelello.
V. LITLHAKISO TSE BOTSOANG LITLHAKISO TSA PHOSPHOLID
A. Mohloli oa phospholids
Phospholids ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa ho ja lijo tse phetseng hantle ebile ho ka fumanoa mehloli e fapaneng ea lijo. Mehloli ea mantlha ea meputso ea phospholids e kenyelletsa li-yolks tsa lehe, soya, ho na le lijo tse ling tse kang ho hema, mackerel, le salmon. Li-yolks tsa lehe, haholo-holo li ruile li-Phospholi tsa mapolanka tse ngata ka bokong le selelekela sa Neurolycholine. Ho feta moo, soya ke mohloli o kholo oa phosphatidrine, phospholili e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e nang le litlamorao tse molemo ts'ebetsong ea kelello. Ho netefatsa tšebeliso e leka-lekaneng ea mehloli ena e nang le lijo e ka kenya letsoho ho boloka maemo a nepahetseng a phospholility a phospholig bakeng sa bophelo ba boko le ts'ebetso ea kelello.
B. mokhoa oa bophelo le lintho tsa tikoloho
Lintho tsa bophelo le tikoloho li ka ama maemo a forospholipid 'meleng. Ka mohlala, khatello ea maikutlo e sa bonahaleng le ho pepesetsoa chefo ea tikoloho e amang sebopeho le botshepehi ba selefouno, ho kenyeletsa le ba bokong. Ho feta moo, lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse kang ho tsuba, ho tsuba haholo le ho ja le lijo tse ngata ho fetisa mafura le tšebetso ea metabolism le ts'ebetso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ikoetlisa khafetsa le ho ja le lijo tse ngata ho antioxidants
C. Molemo oa tlatsetso
Fuoa bohlokoa ba phospholids nakong ea boko bo botle ba boko, ho na le thahasello ea tlatsetso ea phospholid ho ts'ehetsa le maemo a phospholid. Litsi tsa litlotlolo tsa phospholid, haholo-holo tseo tse nang le phopha le phosphamidchomidcholine e tsoang mehloling e tsoang ho mehloli e kang soy lecikin le metsing a tsona a ho lemosa. Liteko tsa bongaka tse bontšitsoeng hore tlatsetso ea bongaka e ka ntlafatsa mohopolo, tlhokomelo le lebelo la batho ba baholo le ba baholo. Ho feta moo, tlatsetso ea nako ea phospholipid, ha u kopantsoe le acid ea Omega-3 acid, a bontšitse litlamorao tsa bohlale le ts'ebetso ea kelello e phetseng hantle.
VI. Boithuto ba lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso
A. Kakaretso ea lipatlisiso tse loketseng ho phospholids le bophelo bo botle ba bokong
Phospholids, likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa sebopeho sa litso tsa membrane, li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho bokong ba boko le ts'ebetsong ea kelello. Patlisiso ea litlamorao tsa phospholied Health bophelo bo botle ba boko bo tsepamisitse likepelong tsa bona tsa mekotla ea bona ea sizeptic, le ts'ebetso ea tlhaho le ts'ebetso ea tlhaho. Boithuto bo ile ba etsa lipatlisiso tsa litlamorao tsa lijo tsa phospholidsylcholine le phosphaphadinelwarine, mesebetsing ea bokong le lithuto tsa batho. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso li ithutile melemo ea tlatsetso ea phospholipid ho khothaletsa ho ntlafatsa le ho ts'ehetsa ho tsofala ha boko. Ho feta moo, ho sebetsana likotoana ho fane ka leseli likamanong lipakeng tsa phospholilids, sebopeho sa boko, sebopeho sa boko, sebopeho sa boko se mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba boko.
B. Liphuputsong tsa Bohlokoa le Liphello tsa Thuto
Ntlafatso ea ho ntlafatsa:Boithuto bo 'maloa bo tlalehile hore ho na le lithuto tse' maloa tsa lijo, haholo-holo phosphabidchodithlcholine, ho kenyelletsa mohopolo le lebelo. Ka lebaka la tlatsetso ea bongaka e sa utloahaleng, phosphadidlerine e fumanoeng ea ho hopola lintho tse matlafatsang ho bana, e fang tšebeliso ea maikutlo ka kalafo bakeng sa ntlafatso ea ntlafatso bakeng sa ntlafatso ea ntlafatso bakeng sa ntlafatso. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, tlatsetso ea mocheso oa phospholipid, ha o kopantsoe le acid ea Omega-3 acid, o bontšitse litlamorao tsa letsoalo ho feta lilemo tse phehelisang. Liphumano tsena li hatisa menyetla ea phospholids e le bahoeletsi ba kelello.
Sebopeho sa boko le ts'ebetso: Liithuti li fane ka bopaki ba botsoalle pakeng tsa phospholids le sebopeho sa boko hammoho le khokahano e sebetsang. Mohlala, lithuto tsa Bognetic li-spectrascopy li na le ts'epo ea hore maemo a tšohanyetso a libaka tse ling tsa boko a fokotsehile. Ntle le moo, liphutse tsa Offfosion li bontšitse phello ea sebopeho sa phospholipid ho bosoeu bo bosoeu, e leng bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano e sebetsang e sebetsang. Liphetho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore lifospholilid li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka bokhoni ba boko mme ka hona ba susumetsa bokhoni ba ho iqape.
Litlamorao Bakeng sa ho Tsofala Ha Bonyane:Patlisiso e mabapi le phospholidid le eona e na le moelelo oa ho tsofala le maemo a bokoang ke kelello. Boithuto bo bontšitse hore ho tlatlafatsa sebopeho le metabolism le metabolism e ka tlatsetsa mafu a amanang le lilemo le lefu la Alzheimer's joalo ka lefu la Alzheimer's joalo ka lefu la Alzheimer's joalo ka lefu la Alzheimer Ho feta moo, tlatsetso phospholipid, haholo-holo ka mohopolo oa phosphaphadine, haholo-holo ka ho hlakisoa ke boko bo phetseng hantle le botsofali bo amanang le botsofali. Liphumano tsena li totobatsa bohlokoa ba phospholids maemong a boqapi ba botsoi le bo amanang le lilemo.
VII. Litakatso tsa Climical le Tsebiso ea Bokamoso
A. Likopo tse ka bang teng bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba boko le ts'ebetso ea kelello
Tšusumetso ea phospholiped e lebang Boku ea boko le ts'ebetsong ea kelello e na le moelelo o tlase bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse teng litlhophisong tsa Clinical. Ho utloisisa karolo ea phospholids ho tšehetsa bophelo ba boko le maano a thibelo a fokotseha. Likopo tse ka bang teng li kenyelletsa nts'etsopele ea ho kena-kenana le phospholidi ea phospholid, e tsamaisang libaka tsa tlatsetso ea tlatsetso ea batho kotsing ea ho senyeha ha motho. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso e ka bang teng ea lits'ebetso ea phospholipid ho tiisa bophelo ba boko, batho ba nang le likhaello tsa kelello, ba na le ts'epo ea sephetho sa ho ntlafatsa sephetho sa kelello.
B. Malebela bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse ling le liteko tsa bongaka
Ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ling le liteko tsa bongaka tsa bongaka ho nts'etsapele kutloisiso ea PAPSpholipids ka ts'ebetso e teng ea boko le ts'ebetsong ea boko. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho ikemisetsa ho hlakisa mekhoa e metle ea phospholids bophelo bo botle ba boko, litsela tsa boselamose ea linaleli. Ntle le moo, liteko tse telele tsa bongaka tsa bongaka li hlokahala ho lekola litlamorao tsa ho kenella ha nako ea phospholid ho maemo a kelello a tšebetsong. Mehopolo ea lipatlisiso tse ling e boetse e kenyelletsa ho hlahloba likarolo tse ka bang teng tse ka bang teng tsa mabenkele a lifora le tse ling tse kang Omega-3 acid le ts'ebetso ea kelello. Ho feta moo, liteko tsa kopano ea bongaka li shebana le batho ka mekhoa e meng ea mokuli, joalo ka batho ka methati e fapaneng ea ho tsitsipana ho sebelisa litlaleho tse tsamaeang ka sepheo sa phospholid.
C. Li-Frantination tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le thuto
Lipontšo tsa phospholids ho ea bophelo bo botle ba boko le thuto ea kelello, ka melao ea maano a bolokolohi, mealo ea bophelo bo botle le ho ba rutang. Phatlalatso ea Tsebiso mabapi le karolo ea phospholids e teng ka mokhoa oa bophelo bo botle e ka tsebisa lits'ila tsa bophelo bo botle tse tšehetsang sebata sa bophelo bo botle. Ho feta moo, mananeo a thuto a lebisitse libakeng tse fapaneng, tse kenyelletsang batho ba baholo le litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle, li ka ba le kotsi ea ho fokotseha ha phospholive. Ho feta moo, ho kopana ha lintlha tse thehiloeng bopaki mabapi le litsebi tsa thuto, pherekano le barekisi ba matla ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo mabapi le boiketlo ba bona ba kelello.
VIII. Sephetho
Nakong eohle e phetetso ea litlamorao tsa phospholipids ho boko bo botle ba boko le tšebetsong ea kelello, lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa li hlahile. Pele, phospholids, e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa membrane, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho boloka botšepehi ba boko bo itseng le bo sebetsang ba boko. Taba ea bobeli, phospholies e kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho teneha ka ho ts'ehetsa neurotrachin, lesela le bophelo bo botle le boko ba boko bo akaretsang ka botlalo le bokong bo akaretsang. Ho feta moo, phospholids, haholo-holo phospholids, haholo-holo li-acid tse nang le mafura a polyunsus, li se li entsoe ka litlamorao le melemo e teng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea kelello. Ho feta moo, lintho tsa boitšoaro le liphiri tse bonts'a sebopeho sa lipina tsa fospholipid li ka ama bokong ba boko le ts'ebetso ea kelello. Qetellong, ho utloisisa litlamorao tsa phospholids bophelo bo botle ba boko ho khothaletsa ho fokotsa ho hloeka le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho putlama hoa kelello.
Ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea phospholids ho ea boko bo botle ba boko le ts'ebetsong ea kelello e bohlokoa haholo ka mabaka a 'maloa. Pele, kutlwisiso e joalo e fana ka leseli ts'ebetsong ea kelello ea kelello, e fana ka menyetla ea ho thibela likamano tsa boko le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kelello ho pholletsa le bophelo ba boko. Taba ea bobeli, ha boyes ea lefatše lohle le ho ata ha theko e fapaneng ea matsale e eketseha karolo ea khale e eketseha karolo ea phospholitive ho khothaletsa tšebetso e phetseng hantle le e bolokang mosebetsi oa ho hlapaola. Taba ea boraro, ho sitisang ho silafatsa phepelo ea phestolipid ho totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho tseba le ho ruta lintho tse tšehetsang mehloling ea phosphoelicheng. Ntle le moo, ho utloisisa litlamorao tsa phospholids bophelo bo botle ba boko bo bohlokoa ho ntšetsa pele ho fokola ha sechaba le ho fokotsa ho fokotseha hoa kelello.
Qetellong, tšusumetso ea phospholipids e le karolo ea bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea bohlano ke sebaka se nang le litlamorao tsa bophelo ba sechaba, tloaelo ea bongaka le boiketlo ba motho ka mong. Joaloka kutloisiso ea rona mabapi le karolo ea phospholids ts'ebetsong ea ponong e ntseng e tsoela pele ho fetoha le maano a ho khothalletsa meputso ea maikutlo ka linako tsa bophelo. Ka ho kopanya tsebo ena nkliniking ea bophelo bo botle, ts'ebetso ea bongaka le thuto, re ka fa batho ba batlang lintho tse batsishemetsang tse tšehetsang bophelo bo botle ba boko le mosebetsi oa boko. Qetellong, ho hlorisa kutloisiso e felletseng ea tšusumetso ea phospholiped ea bophelo bo botle le tšebetso ea kelello e na le ts'episo ea ho ntlafatsa litsietsi tse ntle le ho khothaletsa botsofali bo phetseng hantle.
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Nako ea poso: Dec-26-2023
