I. Selelekela
Phospholids ke sehlopha sa li-mepids tse etsang likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa membrane ea sele. Sebopeho sa bona se ikhethileng, se nang le hlooho ea hydrophphili le mehatla e 'meli ea hydrophobic, e fana ka phospholippids ho etsa sebopeho sa kahare, se sebeletsang e le tšitiso tikolohong ea kantle. Karolo ena ea sebopeho e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lula re tšepahala le ts'ebetso ea lisele ho lintho tsohle tse phelang.
Ho siama le ho buisana le 'moho tšebetsong ea bohlokoa bo nang le lisele ho sebelisana le ba bang, ba lumella likarabo tsa ho hokahanya ho hlophisoa ho fapaneng. Lisele li ka laoloa, nts'etsopele le tšebetso e ngata ea 'mele ka lits'ebetso tsena. Litsela tsa matšoao li kenyelletsa phetisetso ea lipontšo kapa li-neurotransmitters, tse hlahang ka seliba sa khale se lebisitse karabelo ea likepe tse etellang pele.
Taba ea ho utloisisa phospholids 'ho matšoao a sele le puisano e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho se ts'oara ka mokhoa o tsotehang oa hore lisele li buisana le ho hokahanya mesebetsi ea tsona. Kutloisiso ena e bolela litaba tse molemo masimong a fapaneng, ho kopanyelletsa le selefouno, meriana ea mekhoa e mengata ea mafu le mathata a mangata. Ka ho kena lipakeng tsa likamano tse rarahaneng pakeng tsa phospholids le ponahalo ea sele, re ka utloisisa boitšoaro le mosebetsi o mong le o mong.
II. Sebopeho sa phospholids
A. Tlhaloso ea sebopeho sa phospholid:
Phospholids ke limolek'hule tsa ampihlathic, ho bolelang hore li na le hydrophilic (metsi) le hydrophobic (ho pheta-pheta metsi. Sebopeho sa mantlha sa phospholid e na le molek'hulek'hule ea Glycerol e tlamiloeng ke liketane tse peli tse nang le mafura a mabeli le lihlooho tsa hlooho ea li-phosphate. Litlama tsa hydrophobic, tse entsoeng ka li-ghilari tse mafura, ha lihlopha tsa hlooho tsa hydrophilic li sebetsana le metsi libakeng tse ka hare le tse kantle ho membrane. Tokisetso ena e ikhethang e lumella mehatla ea li-fydropholic ho inkela tikoloho e halikiloeng ka hare le ka ntle ho sele.
B. Karolo ea phospholipid biilayer ka selibeng sa sele,
Moopholipid bilayer ke karolo ea sebopeho sa memmbrane ea selefounu, e fanang ka thipa e lumelloang e laolang lintho tse tsoang le kantle ho sele. Ho nepahala ha ho nepahala ho bohlokoa ho boloka tikoloho e ka hare ea sele, 'me e bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kang phepelo e matla, ho felisoa ha litšila le ho sireletsoa khahlanong le basebeletsi ba bolaeang. Ntle le karolo ea eona e hlaha, Mofospholipid Bilayer e leng le eona e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ka ho lets'oao le ho fana ka puisano le puisano.
Mofuta oa Moriri oa mokelikeli oa mokelikeli oa mokelikeli, o netefalitsoeng ke sebini se matla le se futhumetseng se hasaneng le li-spilay tsa mepeid. Sebopeho sena se mafolofolo ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho tsamaisa sesepa sa sele le puisano. Li-receptors, liteishene tsa Ion, 'me li-profete tse ling tsa matšoao li kenngoa ka har'a bilayer tsa phospholid ebile li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha matšoao a kantle le ho li fetisetsa ka hare.
Ho feta moo, thepa ea nama ea mefong, e kang phofo ea bona le bokhoni ba ho theha lifili, e susumetsang mokhatlo le tšebetso ea li-prosteving tsa memmbrane. Boitšoaro bo matla ba phospholidids bo ama sebaka sa lehae le tšebetso ea liprotheine tse hlalosang, kahoo ba susumetsa mohopolo le mahlako a ho bontša litsela tse tsoang.
Ho utloisisa kamano lipakeng tsa phospholipids le tšebetso ea selembrane le ts'ebetso ea selefounu, ho kenyeletsa le libaka tsa lapeng, ho kenyeletsa le li-cellularsas, nts'etsopele le mafu. Khokahano ea malebela a phospholid ka ho hlahloba hore na ho fana ka maikutlo a puisano le likotlo tse ngata.
III. Karolo ea phospholids ka sesupo sa sele
K. PASPOLIPIDS e le limolek'hule tsa matšoao
Phospholikids, e le litsie tse hlaheletseng tsa memmbranes tsa sele, li hlahile e le limolek'hule tsa ho supa matšoao a lipuisano tsa sele. Lihlopha tsa li-hydrophilic tsa phospholids, haholo-holo tse nang le phosphatot phosphates, e leng messengersosa a bobeli a ho supa litseleng tse fapaneng. Mohlala, phosphatodylitol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2) e sebetsa joalo ka sesupo sa sesupo sa Inositosphasphate (ip3) le diacylclycerol profimuli. Limolek'hule tsena tsa molomo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoahali ho tsamaisa tšebetso ea calcillar le prothein ho sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea li-celliferation, khethollo le kotulo.
Ho feta moo, phospholid e joalo ka phosphaphallic acid (pa) le limolek'hupi tse bonts'ang litšusumetso tse hlakileng tsa likarabo tsa liphokojoe tsa profesheneng. Ka mohlala, ru e re le mokhatlo oa ke mokhatlo oa sele le puso ea LASsophostic a ameha ka taolo ea matla a khekhe ea "cysophostic acid, ho pholoha ha sele. Likarolo tsee tsa mefuta-futa tsa phospholids tse totobatsang bohlokoa ba tsona ho li-cascing tsa lisele tse thata ka har'a lisele.
B. Ho nka karolo ha phospholids ka lipontšo tsa lipapatso
Ho nka karolo ha phospholids ka mekhoa ea matšoao a matšoao a matšoao a bohlokoa ho lumellang bosholu ba memmbrane-billy Ho Bagand Tlama ho GPCARS, FASPHOLIPASE C (PLC) e hlahisitsoe, e lebisang hydrolysis ea pip2 le moloko oa IP3 le Dag. IP3 e baka khaello ea calcium e tsoang mabenkeleng a li-intraclum, ha Dag a nka protheine ea synase, hore e se e fetile.
Ho feta moo, phosphoosimistis, sehlopha sa phospholidide, se sebeletsang linaha tsa matsoho tsa matšoao, ho kenyeletsa le litheolelo tsa mebmbrane le actin cynamics. Ho kenella ka matla pakeng tsa phosphoosides le protheine ea tsona ea ho sebelisana 'me ka hona e thibela likarabo tsa lipono le tsa bohlano tsa mangolo a sa sebetseng.
Ho nka karolo ha ma-cospholids ho Cell SELNDING LE LITLHAKISO TSA BOTLALO TSA BOTLALO TSA BATSOALI BA LIJO TSA BOTSOALLE LE TEKENG.
IV. Phospholids le puisano ea intraclur
K. PASPHOLIDID ka ho bontša ho bontša
Phospholids, sehlopha sa limoids tse nang le sehlopha sa phosphate, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa, e le hore e bokelloe li-celwaning ka ho sebelisa li-callcades tsa bona. Mohlala o mong o hlahelletseng ke fropatidylitollitolitollitolitollitoli (pipphosphate (pippholipsphate (pip2), phospholipid, phospholipid e fumanehang ho plasma membrane. Ha a araba pompo ea Execlur Stimuli, Pip2 e hlakoloa ho Inositosphasphasphate (Ip3) le Diacylglycerol (Dag) ke Enzyme phospholipase c (plc). IP3 e baka khang ea calcium e tsoang mabenkeleng a li-intraclum, ha Dag a nka profen e kang ea cell
Ho feta moo, phospholid e meng, ho kenyelletsa le phosphatic acigid (PA) le lysopholids, li fumanoe li le monate ka ho tšoaea liphoso. Pa o kenya letsoho therolelong ea kholo ea sele le puso ea lijalo ka molaoli oa li-protrotivation tse fapaneng tsa matšoao. Lysomphostic acid (LPA) e amohetse ho kenella ha eona ho tsela ea ho kenella ha eona hodieng ha sebaka ho pholoha, ho falla le matla a cystobocs. Liphumano tsena li totobatsa likarolo tse fapaneng le tsa bohlokoa tsa phospholids e le limolek'hule tsa ho supa limolek'hule ka seleng.
B. Bosholu ba phospholids le liprotheine le li-receptors
Phospholids e boetse e sebelisana le liprotheine tse fapaneng le li-receptors ho fetola litsela tsa matšoao a li-seng. Ha e le hantle, phosphoosistiviss, kospholiosities of playspholips, sebetsa e le sethala bakeng sa ho hira le ho sebelisa li-sputri tse tsoang. Mohlala, phosphatodylitol 3,4,5-Tricphothante (PipFosphate (Pilip3) Membrane ea Pleckstrin Ntle le moo, ho ba le mongolo o matla oa phospholiside le liprotheine tse tsoang le li-recectalis li lumella taolo ea liketsahalo tsa ho supa hantle ka seleng.
Mekhoa e mengata ea phospholids le litheolelo tsa liprotheine tse totobatsang karolo ea tsona ea bohlokoa tseleng ea litsela tsa matsoho, qetellong li tlatsetsa melao ea lilibangoeng.
V. bulpization ea phospholids ka sesupo sa sele
A. Enzymes le tsela e amehang metabolism metabolism ea metabolism
Phospholilids e laoloa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng ka marang-rang a li-ajitha tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-bazyme tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-ajirane tsa li-bazyme tsa li-ajirane tsa li-enzyme tsa li-hinzymes le litseleng, ho susumetsa bongata ba sele le ts'ebetso ea sele. Tsela e 'ngoe e joalo e kenyelletsa synthes le phetoho ea phosphatidylitolitol (pi) le litlolo tsa eona tsa phosphoary, e tsejoang e le phosphonisides. PhosphatidyliTody 4-kinasen & phosphatidylitol 4-kinithate (pipphate), pip2), ka ho latellana. Talōla, phosphatles, e kang phosphatase le Tenin homonag (leqteka
Ho feta moo, de Novo Symnthesis Of Plaspholids, haholo-holo phosphabilic a2 le phospholipic ka ho kopanya mekhahlelo ea li-biozzy. Ho ama mekhoa e fapa-fapaneng ea sele e fapaneng le ho kenya letsoho ho tlhokomelo ea bamenterarmal ballistas ea cellular.
B. Kaho ea taolo ea phospholid e sebetsang lits'ebetsong tsa ho supa
Molao oa phospholidid o fana ka litlamorao tsa matla lits'ebetsong tsa ho supa ka li-molecales tsa bohlokoa le litsela tsa tsela. Mohlala, turnover of pip2 ke phospholipase p e hlahisa calcim ea ho lokolloa le ts'ebetso ea prothein ninase c, ka ho latellana. Buka ena e bonts'ang e susumetsa likarabo tse ntle tse kang ho se sebetse hantle, mesifa ea mesifa le ho ipata ha ho ikoetlisa.
Ho feta moo, liphetoho maemong a mefong ea phosphoosimitis tse amanang le ho sebelisa li-fermatis tse tlamang tse tlamang li behela pheletso ea lipid. Ntle le moo, ho buloa ha melaoana ea PASpholiphetos le Phokotuoses ho susumetsa transkisang Transkisang, kholo ea sele, le litselana tsa sele.
Ho kenella pakeng tsa metabolism le ho supa ha metabolism le ho fana ka taolo ea taolo ea phospholid ho boloka tšebetso ea selefounu le ho araba ho se sebetse seliba.
VI. Sephetho
K. Kakaretso ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa phospholids ka sesupo sa sele le puisano
Ka kakaretso, phospholins ba bapala likarolo tsa povital ho hlophisa le lits'ebetso tsa puisano ka har'a litsamaiso tsa likokoana-hloko. Li-vaversity tsa bona tsa sebopeho le tšebetso e sebetsang li ba nolofalletsa ho ba lihlahla tse fapaneng tsa likarabo tsa mohala, tse nang le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse kenyelletsang:
Mokhatlo oa membrane:
Phospholids e theha memore ea mantlha ea membrane ea cellular ea li-cellular ea cellular, ho theha moralo oa sebopeho sa ho arola likoti tsa mapolanka. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho hlahisa likokoana-hloko tsa molomo, tse kang li-rafts, tse susumetsang mokhatlo oa lipala-pele oa ho supa meharo ea matšoao le tšebelisano ea bona.
TranELETSO:
Phospholipids e hlahisa mekhoa ea bohlokoa tsamaisong ea lipontšo tsa Extraclular ka likarabo tse sa sebetseng. Phosphoinosides Sebeletsa e le limolek'hule tsa matšoao a ho supa, ha li-acids tsa maqheku, ha li ntse li le man acids le litšusumetso tsa mats'oafo le polelo ea Gene.
Molefo oa Sebele:
Phospholins e kenya letsoho ho tsamaiso ea mekhoa ea se fapaneng, ho ba le taolo e fetang litsamaiso tse kang li-cell. Ho nka karolo ha bona molokong oa bioctive "ho kenyelletsa le Eikonoid le likotlo tse ling, metabolic le Taoptotic ea ho supa.
Puisano ea Internaular:
Phospholids e boetse e nka karolo puisanong ea lipotso ka mecha-bala lisele tsa li-lipid, tse fetolelang mesebetsi le tiiso, pono ea bohloko le tšebetso ea lipale tsa meno le boiphihlelo.
Menehelo e nang le malinyane a phospholids ho sele le puisano ho hlahisa lintho tsa bohlokoa tsa lehae le ho hokahanya likarabo tsa 'mala oa lisele.
B. Lits'ebetso tsa ka motšehare bakeng sa lipatlisiso mabapi le phospholids ho tsoa ho pontso ea cellular
Joaloka karolo e rarahaneng ea phospholids ho sesupo sa sele se tsoelang pele ho se sebelisoe, ho kenyelletsa lipatlisiso ka nako e tlang ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka nako e tlang, ho kenyelletsa:
Mekhoa ea ho tsamaea:
Khokahano ea mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahlobo e tsoetseng pele, e kang Lipoleudomics, ka biology ea limolek'hule le ea caelpholids ea phospholids ka mekhoa ea ho supa. Ho lekola sefapano pakeng tsa metrid metabolism, lithunya tsa membrane, le pontšo ea selefouno li tla hloka mekhabiso ea mehala le liphofu tsa kalafo.
Mekhoa ea litsamaiso tsa biology tsa boitlhompho:
Litsamaiso tsa lits'ebeletso tsa biology tsa biology li kenyelletsoa ka mekhoa ea lipalo, li tla nolofalletsa ho qhekella ha likhokahano tsa maphokose tsa lengole tse mabapi le marang-rang a ho supa. Ho latela mesebetsi pakeng tsa phospholids, li-enzyme, le li-afzy tsa ho supa li tla fetola tsamaiso ea tsamaiso ea maikutlo le tsela e laolang tsela e laolang tsela.
Litaba tsa kalafo:
Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ho qhekella ha phospholipids mabapi le mafu, ho joalo ka mofetše, likotsi tsa neurodegerate, le metabolis monyetla oa ho theha litlhare tse pakiloeng. Ho utloisisa karolo ea phospholids ka nako ea lefu le ho khetholla maano a reng ho fetola mesebetsi ea bona e tlaasana.
Qetellong, ho ba le tsebo e 'ngoe e ntseng e eketseha ea phospholids le ho nka karolo ha bona ho tsitsipana le puisano e ka bang phetolelong ea lipatlisiso tse fapaneng.
Litšupiso:
Balla, T. (2013). Pusphoinsosides: Litho tse nyane tse nang le tšusumetso e kholo ho molao oa Cep. Litlhahlobo tsa 'mele, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
Di paolo, G., & de Camilli, P. (2006). Phosphoinosides ka melao ea sele le membrane. Tlhaho, 443 (7112), 651-657.
Kooijman, ee, le testerink, C. (2010). Phoo Acikudic acid: Player ea letsopa e hlahang ka sesupo sa sele. Mokhoa oa limela, 15 (6), 2133-220.
Hilgemann, dw, & bolo, r. (1996). TLHOKOMELISO EA SARDIAC NA (+), h (+) - phapanyetsano le k (atp) potasiamo ka pip2. Saense, 273 (53 (5277), 956-959.
Kaksonen, M., & Roux ,. (2018). Mechini ea tsebiso e kopaneng ea clathrin-clath. Litekanyetso tsa Tlhaho ea Tlhaiso Molecular Molecular Molegy, 19 (5), 313-326.
Balla, T. (2013). Pusphoinsosides: Litho tse nyane tse nang le tšusumetso e kholo ho molao oa Cep. Litlhahlobo tsa 'mele, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
Alberts, B., Johnson, Lewis, J., Raff, Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2014). Biology ea molek'hale ea sele (ea 6.). Garland Saense.
Sims, K., & VAZ, WL (2004). Mekhoa ea mohlala, likhoebo tsa molomo, le li-membrane tsa sele. Tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo ea biophistics le sebopeho sa biomonyocular, 33, 269-295.
Nako ea poso: la 29- 29-2023
